Background parenchymal enhancement in MR and breast mammographic density in full-field digital mammography: Correlations with breast cancer risk

We attempt to reveal the correlations between breast cancer (BC) risk with mammographic density (MD) in full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 216 women who received MRI and FFDM from January 2019 to December 2020 were reviewed, among which 72 BC cases were identified histopathologically. The control was matched with the BC case in 2:1. MD in FFDM were categorized as ACR a, ACR b, ACR c, or ACR d. BPE in MR was categorized into 4 grades, minimal, mild, moderate, or marked. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the associations between BC risk with BPE and MD, resulting in the odds ratios (ORs). The review was performed with a cohort of 216 women, including 72 BC cases and 144 normal controls. Among BC cases, 64 patients were graded as ACR c or ACR d (88.9%), and 40 patients were graded as moderate or marked BPE (55.6%). The ORs for ACR c or d cases versus ACR a or b were 4.7 and 5.8 for different readers, respectively (P = .002). The ORs for cases exhibiting marked or moderate BPE compared to mild or minimal BPE were 5.0 and 3.3 (P < .001). MD and BPE categories were identified as potential risk factors for BC. Increased levels of BPE or MD are strongly predictive of BC.