Modalities, Effectiveness and Accessibility of Extension Services Delivered to the Clienteles in the Municipality of Guinobatan, Province of Albay

Agricultural extension is crucial for improving productivity, food security, and rural livelihoods. This study examined the modalities, effectiveness, and accessibility of extension services provided by Agricultural Extension Workers (AEWs) in Guinobatan, Albay. Guided by the Diffusion of Innovations framework and participatory extension approaches, a descriptive research design was employed, with farmer respondents drawn from forty-four barangays. Results show that AEWs commonly used farm and home visits, office consultations, and community meetings. These services were perceived as effective in fostering technology adoption, climate adaptation, and sustainable practices, though gaps remained in transparency and farmer participation in program planning. Accessibility was rated very high, with proximity and timeliness most valued. Demographic differences emerged: farmers with diverse or complex operations perceived services as less effective and accessible, while married farmers reported better access, underscoring the role of social and economic contexts. The study concludes that AEWs are generally successful in delivering responsive services but need to adopt more inclusive and participatory strategies to address farmers’ heterogeneity. Strengthening local government support through capacity-building in sustainable agriculture, digital tools, and collaborative planning can enhance extension delivery and maximize its contribution to rural development.