Assessment of the Microbiological, Physicochemical, Toxic and Radioactive Quality of Thermal Waters for Therapeutic Purposes

Thermal springs in Morocco represent an invaluable asset frequently used by the population for various therapeutic purposes. However, due to its parameters and therapeutic effects, the Fezouane Spring, which has been one of the best-known spas in Morocco's eastern region for several decades, may be exposed to various pollution risks. In this context, we conducted this study to improve physicochemical, bacteriological and radioactive quality from January 2021 to December 2021, following standardized protocols for spa waters in Morocco. The results show that the water from this spring is mesothermal, with an average annual temperature of 37.54°C, neutral pH, high levels of bicarbonate (365.41mg/l), calcium (65.37mg/l) and magnesium (38.39mg/l). In addition, nitrate, lead and selenium were present at mean concentrations of 3.53 mg/l, 0.001 and 0.0006 ± 0.00 respectively. Conversely, nitrite, arsenic, manganese, copper and mercury were absent. Bacteriological analyses showed the absence of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, the results of radioactive analyses of the plant's water revealed compliance with Moroccan standards. These results underline the compliance of Fezouane spring water with Moroccan potability standards NM 03.7.001. According to the Piper diagram, the water type is bicarbonate-calciummagnesium. Based on these results, we conclude that thermalism specifically in Fezouane in Berkane, will contribute to sustainable development and will serve as an effective complementary approach in the treatment of various kidney pathologies.