Histomorphological Spectrum of Urinary Bladder Biopsies: A Descriptive Study

Introduction: Urinary bladder lesions have varying range of diseases. They can be non-neoplastic and neoplastic, usually presenting with overlapping clinical features making them difficult to diagnose clinically. Histopathological examination becomes important to diagnose them accurately and to provide proper management. The present study was aimed to describe histomorphological spectrum of urinary bladder biopsies and to classify according to grade and stage of various urinary bladder lesions. Methodology: In this prospective study, 80 urinary bladder biopsies were examined which were received in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care hospital, Jaipur. A predesigned proforma for history and data collection was filled. Clinical and radiological details were obtained from the patients requisition form. Biopsies were examined histopathologically with standard protocol. Results: Out of total, 69 (86.25%) cases were neoplastic and 11 (13.75%) were non-neoplastic. Among neoplastic, 68 (98.5%) were malignant and one case was benign. Urothelial carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion with 60 (86.9%) cases consisting of 34 (56.5%) high grade and 26 (43.5%) low grade urothelial carcinoma. 40 (66.6%) cases of urothelial carcinoma were invasive while 20 (33.4%) were non-invasive. In the study, 20 (33.3%) urothelial carcinomas were observed under pTa stage, 23 (38.3%) were pT1 stage and 17 (28.3%) were pT2 stage. Among non-neoplastic lesions, chronic cystitis was the most common with 3 (27.3%) cases. Majority of the cases 25 (31.2%) were seen in 61-70 years of age. Males were predominantly affected with male to female ratio of 6.2:1. Conclusion: The current study highlights the significance of histopathological study of urinary bladder lesions to render precise diagnosis, grading and staging of urothelial carcinoma so as to reduce morbidity and mortality.