Ordered mesoporous silica in modern versions of solid-phase extraction

The review systematizes information on nanostructured materials used in solid-phase extraction (SPE) and its modern versions. The main attention is paid to the consideration of nanostructured analogues of MCM-41 and SBA-15 both in classical SPE and in modern versions of solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by matrix solid-phase dispersion, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and magnetic SPE. The use of silica with a hexagonal and cubic mesophase structure makes it possible to significantly increase the completeness of analyte extraction, improve the metrological characteristics of determining both metal ions and biologically active substances in complex multicomponent matrices of real objects of analysis. An abnormally high surface area (up to 1000 m2/g and more), adjustable mesopore size, ease of modification by grafting functional groups allow to significantly increase the selectivity of solid-phase materials compared to traditionally used silica gels and polymer ion exchangers. The advantages of ordered silica when used at the stage of extraction and concentration of analytes in solid-phase extraction options, as well as chromatographic separation of substances similar in nature, make it possible to expand the range of linearity of the analytical signal response of the analysis methods used, and the detection limits of ions and molecules can be reduced to the level of ng/mL, ng/g.