IMPACT OF Ocimum gratissimum ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT ON SOME REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Despite the widespread use of Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) in traditional medicine, especially across Africa, limited scientific evidence exists regarding its safety and effects on male reproductive and systemic physiology. While its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects are well documented, its influence on hormonal balance and organ function remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of O. gratissimum on reproductive hormones, haematological parameters, serum biochemical indices, and organ weights in male Wistar rats. Twenty adult rats were randomly divided into two groups of ten. Group A (control) received drinking water, while Group B received 250 mg/kg body weight of the extract orally for 28 days. Results showed no significant changes in LH and FSH levels, but testosterone levels dropped significantly (p < 0.05) in the treated group. Platelet count reduced significantly, though other haematological values remained unaffected. Biochemical analysis showed a significant decrease in ALT and ALP, suggesting possible liver-protective effects. Organ analysis showed increased spleen and heart weights and reduced kidney weight in treated rats, while testes and epididymis were unaffected. In conclusion, O. gratissimum extract at this dose may support liver function but may also negatively influence testosterone levels and platelet production. These mixed effects highlight the need for caution in its long-term use, particularly regarding male reproductive health. Further research involving varying doses, longer durations, and histological analysis is recommended to fully understand the safety and therapeutic scope of O. gratissimum.