Psychological, psychophysiological, and psychoendocrine foundations of decision-making

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Context and relevance</strong>. The relevance of the research is due to the absence of the fact that understanding decision-making processes, including in conditions of uncertainty and stress, is important both for fundamental psychology and for applied fields such as professional selection of specialists, assessment of their professional reliability and development of adaptive behavior strategies. In this study, modern models of neurophysiological, psychophysiological and psychoendocrine correlators of decision-making, cognitive and emotional components of the choice process, and features of these processes under the influence of stress and extreme factors were considered. The study of neurophysiological, psychophysiological, and psychological correlates of research acceptance mechanisms allows us to develop a specific methodology for studying these phenomena. The aim of the study is to systematize and analytically summarize empirical data on the interrelation of cognitive, emotional and physiological mechanisms underlying decision-making. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> The study is an analytical review of the scientific literature. <strong>Results.</strong> The analysis of empirical data revealed that decision-making is determined not only by cognitive processes, but also by specific neurophysiological correlates, such as activity of the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, as well as structures of the limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus). A significant relationship was found between changes in electroencephalographic rhythms (theta and beta ranges) and the behavior of the subjects, which indicates complex neural mechanisms that ensure decision-making. Significant gender and age differences have been established, as well as significant changes in autonomic parameters (heart rate variability, galvanic skin reaction) and biochemical parameters (cortisol and DHEA) in risky behavior. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The results obtained emphasize the importance of integrating neurophysiological, psychophysiological, and psychoendocrine methods for further study of decision-making mechanisms.</p>