CHANGES IN THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC HEAVY LOAMY SOIL DURING CULTIVATION OF VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 2023 to assess changes in the composition of microbial communities of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil when growing various crops in the crop rotation: mustard--winter wheat--barley. This sequential rotation of crops was chosen for the basic assessment of dynamic changes in the structure of soil microbiological communities caused by the cultivation of various agricultural crops. The microbial community in soil samples taken 1, 2, and 3 years after green manure plowing was analyzed by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria and archaea. The largest number of taxonomically significant groups of microorganisms (55) was found when comparing the soil used for growing winter wheat and after planting mustard. The number of specific taxa is halved (up to 24) when analyzing barley and mustard soils. The soils occupied under wheat and barley are almost identical in the composition of the dominant bacterial taxa. The most pronounced changes were observed among representatives of the Crenarchaeota archaea belonging to the Nitrososphaeria class. Individual taxa of this class have demonstrated high specificity in relation to the agroecological conditions of grain and mustard cultivation. It is shown that sideration has a minor effect on the composition of the microbial community, apparently primarily at the level of changes in the number of individual bacterial taxa.