Radial and non-radial oscillations of protoneutron stars with hyperonic composition
Abstract This paper studies radial and non-radial oscillations of protoneutron stars (PNSs) evolving from hot, neutrino-rich states to cold, catalyzed configurations, using a density-dependent relativistic mean-field equation of state (EoS) with nucleonic and hyperonic matter. The fundamental ( f ) and first pressure ( $$p_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) modes are computed in both the Cowling approximation and full general relativity (GR). For the f -mode, the Cowling approximation overestimates the frequency by $$\sim 24\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>24</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the hot phase, increasing to $$\sim 28\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>28</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at $$T=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$M_B=1.5\,M_\odot $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and by $$\sim 19\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>19</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (hot/intermediate) rising to $$\sim 22\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>22</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at $$T=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$M_B=2.3\,M_\odot $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.3</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . For the $$p_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -mode, deviations are smaller: $$\sim 6.7\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (hot), peaking at $$\sim 10\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> during deleptonization, and decreasing to $$\sim 6.6\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.6</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at $$T=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Hyperons slightly increase oscillation frequencies. Stage-dependent f -mode scaling shows that expressing <jats:inline-formula
Authors
- Yeunhwan Lim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-823X)
- Adamu Issifu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-835X)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-7179)
- Prashant Thakur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-6176)
- T. Frederico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-5490)
Institutions
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (BR)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Goethe-Institute United Kingdom (GB)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (PT)
- University of Coimbra (PT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 2026-07-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16101-4
- Primary Topic
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- National Research Foundation
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Yonsei University
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Física Nuclear e Aplicações
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea