Assessment of Vitamin D and Calcium Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: T2DM is a widely spreading metabolic disease, which is frequently related to the unregulated amounts of vitamin D and calcium. Lack of these nutrients can further deteriorate the glycemic level and exacerbate the causes of complications. Objective: To determine vitamin D and calcium levels in persons with T2DM and determine their connection with the evolution of the illness and control of glycemia. Material and Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study conducted at Aziz Fatimah Trust Hospital, Faisalabad from 15 December, 2024 to 14 June, 2025. Vitamin D and calcium levels in serum were measured in blood samples of 120 participants with ELISA and colorimetric assays. Information on HbA1c, insulin injections, and diet was also taken. Results: The paper identified that 29.2% of all the respondents were vitamin D-deficient, with 41.6% being calcium-deficient. The outcomes revealed a substantial negative connection between the two vitamin D and calcium levels and HbA1c. Conclusion: Higher severity of glycemic control in T2DM is found to be connected to a vitamin D and calcium deficiency. These gaps can be mitigated to enhance diabetes control.