Developing and Validating the Terengganu Family Development Foundation (TFDF) Resident Responsibility Negligence Measurement Instrument

Low-cost housing and social housing in Malaysia were created as a proactive government measure to provide affordable housing for low-income groups. In Terengganu, the Terengganu Family Development Foundation (TFDF) plays an important role by providing Family Village Flat units as a housing alternative for the urban poor and families in need. However, the problem of rent arrears has been identified as an ongoing issue that not only affects the financial flow of TFDF, but also threatens the sustainability of social housing management. Previous studies have shown that the problem of rent arrears among low-cost housing residents is usually caused by unstable household income, increasing cost of living, weaknesses in family financial management, and the absence of a flexible payment system (Mohd Noor, 2020; Abdullah & Daud, 2022). However, the phenomenon of rent arrears cannot be seen only from a financial perspective, but also involves aspects of neglect of residents in various dimensions, social, economic, physical and moral. This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument based on the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) process to measure rent arrears among TFDF residents. This study uses a quantitative research method based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the various relationships between variables in the study model. Before the data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify the suitability of the items used in the study instrument. This study explains in detail the procedure for conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) for each construct. The findings of this study show that the validity values based on Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Total Variance Explained (TVE), Factor Loading and reliability values based on Cronbach's Alpha, have met all the required values.