Fusarium diseases, yield and stability parameters of winter rye varieties

The work was carried out in 2021–2024 in Kirov region to assess the gene pool of winter rye for resistance to snow mold and root rot to identify the most resistant to fungal diseases and adaptive to the conditions of cultivation in Kirov region. The material for the study were 9 varieties (Vyatka 2, Kirovskaya 89, Falenskaya 4, Snezhana, Rushnik, Flora, Grafinya, Batiste, Lika) of selection of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the North-East and 8 promising populations (Graphite, Graphite FP, Harmony, Perepel, Symphony, Kiprez, Talitsa, Falenskaya universal). Two varieties, Lika (88.1 %) and Flora (82.5 %), were distinguished by tolerance to snow mold. Juvenile resistance to root rot was shown by Harmony (degree of damage 13.3 %), Flora (13.5 %), Graphite (14.6 %), Graphite FP (14.9 %), Rushnik (15.1 %), Perepel (15.2 %); age resistance – Harmony, Flora, Graphite, Graphite FP, Rushnik, Perepel, Symphony (13.3…15.7 %), which may be of some interest for breeding for increasing resistance to this disease. The most favorable conditions for the formation of high grain yield were formed in 2022, when the average productivity of varieties was 749.1 g/m2, with the index of the environment Ij = 168.8. Reliably by 118.5…212.0 g/m2 standard Falenskaya 4 (NSR05 = 143.8) on the value of this indicator exceeded 7 varieties (Lika, Symphony, Graphite FP, Batiste, Perepel, Flora, Snezhana). The greatest plasticity of the trait «yield» is characterized by Batiste, Perepel, Graphite FP, Flora, Lika (bi = 2.33…1.24), which can be attributed to highly responsive to the improvement of cultivation conditions. Flora and Batiste varieties formed stable productivity (S2di = 495.08…1034.31). Vyatka 2, Snezhana, Graphite, Symphony (Umax – Umin = –248.0…–174.0) showed the highest stress tolerance to contrasting conditions of the region. The samples possessing a complex of indicators were singled out: Flora, Batiste, Lika, Graphite FP, Perepel, Symphony.