Efficiency of multi-level agricultural technologies of grain crops in the Omsk Priirtysh region

The work was carried out in stationary field experiments in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region (Omsk district) in 2003–2023. The aim of the research is to establish the influence of multi-level agricultural technologies on the water and nutrient regimes of the soil, weed infestation and the phytosanitary state of agrophytocenoses, grain yield and quality. The experimental design included predecessors, soil cultivation systems and different levels of intensity of agricultural technologies for grain crops: extensive (without the use of fertilizers and plant protection products), normal (treatment of crops with a tank mixture of herbicides), semi-intensive (application of N60P60 and treatment with herbicides), intensive (use of N60P60 , herbicides, fungicides). In the intensive agricultural technology variant, the weed infestation of crops decreases by 3.3…4.7 times compared to the control, while the number of weeds increases when grain crops are removed from fallow land and soil cultivation is minimized. The highest yield of spring wheat in the experiment was formed in the variant with intensive agricultural technology on a fallow predecessor on moldboard and combined soil cultivation systems and amounted to 4.18…4.22 t/ha. The increase in yield from the use of chemicals by increasing influence was: from fertilizers 0.35 t/ha, herbicides – 0.39, herbicides and fertilizers – 0.74, fungicides – 0.89, a complex of intensification agents – 2.01 t/ha. In semi-intensive and intensive agricultural technologies, combined resource-saving tillage in crop rotation has an advantage – 2.16…2.86 tons of grain from 1 ha of arable land, which is 0.28 t / ha higher than the minimum-zero. Grain quality with intensive agricultural technology improved in comparison with extensive (natural weight 750…762 g / l, protein 13.1…14.6 %, gluten 26.4…29.4 %), the content of residual quantities of ecotoxicants in the products is absent.