Modern aspects of human herpesvirus infection. Part 1

Background. Modern studies confirm the high level of distribution of anthroponotic types of herpes viruses on the globe. Currently, herpesvirus infection is considered as a general systemic disease of the human body, which is due to high pantropism, that is, the ability of herpes viruses to infect all cells, tissues and organs. Clinically, this is manifested by significant polymorphism of disease symptoms, so doctors of various specialties are faced with manifestations of herpes infection in patients. These facts make it necessary to focus on this group of viruses in more detail. Purpose – to highlight modern ideas about the herpes virus family, etiological, epidemiological, immunopathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of human herpesvirus infection based on the study of domestic and foreign specialized literature. Materials and Methods. An analysis of specialized literature containing information on human herpesvirus infection was carried out. This list of scientific sources includes: periodicals for the last 10 years, basic manuals and monographs without a statute of limitations. The descriptive method was used to conduct the analysis. Results. The etiological, epidemiological, immunopathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of herpes infection were considered. In modern medicine, close attention is paid to the problem of high morbidity of herpes infections, since herpes viruses affect almost the entire population of the planet. Clinical manifestations are characterized by significant polymorphism of disease symptoms, therefore, doctors of almost all specialties are faced with manifestations of herpes infection in patients. Distinctive features of herpesviruses are: a variety of infection mechanisms, the ability to be in a latent state, the possibility of reactivation, immunosuppression, the formation of organ-deficient lesions, the manifestation of opportunistic properties and carcinogenic effect. For the diagnosis of herpes infections and the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, modern laboratory research methods are used, which allow obtaining more complete information. Conclusions. Summarizing the considered data of modern literature regarding the structure, classification of herpes viruses, etiological, epidemiological, immunopathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of human herpesvirus infection, we can note the high level of prevalence of herpes viruses, their ability to affect various organs and systems of the body, polymorphism of clinical manifestations, the possibility of the formation of mixed forms with a blurred clinical picture, presence in different forms in the human body and causing a carcinogenic effect. The features of herpes viruses determine the presence of a large number of diagnostic methods.