Evaluation of the effectiveness of complex therapy for generalised periodontitis in women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background. The presence of comorbid pathology significantly worsens the course and complicates the treatment of generalised periodontitis (GP). It is assumed that personalised treatment regimens for GP, implemented in parallel with the management of associated systemic conditions, are more effective than conventional approaches. Purpose – to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of new approaches to comprehensive treatment and prevention of periodontal tissue diseases in women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods. Women aged 18–45 years were divided into the following groups: Group 1 (n=41): women with GP and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who received conventional GP treatment; Group 2 (n=41): women with GP and PCOS who underwent the developed therapeutic and preventive regimen; Group 3 (n=18): women with GP without PCOS who underwent the same therapeutic and preventive regimen. The therapeutic and preventive regimen included conventional treatment supplemented with vitamin D3 and PRP therapy. Results. Comprehensive treatment of periodontal disease proved to be effective in all studied groups of patients, as evidenced by a significant reduction in all periodontal indices as early as 1 month after the initiation of therapy, with further improvement observed after 3 months. The periodontal index decreased from 2.04 to 1.50; from 2.18 to 1.44; and from 2.08 to 1.33, respectively. The gingival bleeding index improved from 1.56 to 0.74; from 1.65 to 0.80; and from 1.49 to 0.76. Intergroup analysis demonstrated that at the early stage (1 month) the best results were observed in patients without PCOS: Δbefore–1 month for the gingival bleeding index (p=0.033), the periodontal index (p=0.015), and the Community Periodontal Treatment Need Index (p=0.041). At 3 months, however, no statistically significant differences between the groups were detected (p>0.1). Conclusions. Optimal management of GP in patients with concomitant PCOS should be multidisciplinary and personalised, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of both conditions, and should include basic PCOS therapy, correction of vitamin D3 deficiency, and the use of modern regenerative technologies, in particular PRP therapy.