Design Optimization for SG6043 Airfoil for Using Finite Elements Analysis

The importance of wind turbine blade aerodynamics cannot be emphasized enough in extending energy capture from wind. However, conventional design approaches are often challenged to balance high lift forces for efficient power generation and minimize drag forces that reduce energy losses. Thus, a more systemic methodology should be used to improve the efficiency of airfoils. In this study, an adjoint optimization solver is used to achieve both drag reduction and a high Lift-to-Drag (L/D) ratio while adhering to real-time wind conditions. The optimization procedure includes selecting the initial airfoil design and optimization algorithm, prespecifying constraints and objectives, executing the model, analyzing results, and troubleshooting and refining until the targeted reduction in drag and/or fulfillment of constraints is achieved. The developed airfoil model achieved a 9% decrease in drag and a 2% increase in the L/D ratio when the airfoil camber was expanded via a larger suction zone at the leading edge. The optimization strategy used the well-known SG6043 airfoil as an initial model widely used in wind turbine blades. The results demonstrated significant improvements in aerodynamic performance through enhanced camber and suction zone modifications at the leading edge of the airfoil, providing valuable insights for advancing airfoil designs for optimal performance across various applications.