Optimization of Hand Tools used in Handicrafts of Bihar for Improved Efficiency and Productivity: A Design Thinking- Led Review

The handicrafts of Bihar, including Madhubani painting, Sikki grass work, Bhagalpuri silk weaving, stone work, and bamboo crafts, are an integral cultural heritage and a vital livelihood source for most craftsmen. Hand tools are the mainstay of these occupations, directly affecting artisans’ production, product quality, and well-being. However, most tools are still based on orthodox designs that are not ergonomic in sophistication, lasting, and ineffective, causing physical strain, decreased productivity, and limited competitiveness in international markets. This paper analyzes the current status of hand tools employed in Bihar’s handicrafts, with critical issues like overloading, unsuitable grip design, and obsolete materials. This examines the use of Design Thinking methodology, an iterative human-centered process of enhancing tool design that involves ergonomics, material Design, and craft participation. The review, using national and international case studies, emphasizes that redesigning participatory tools has the potential to enhance production, facilitate safety, maintain cultural integrity, and enhance the socio-economic fabric of rural Bihar.