Microwave-Assisted Green Synthesis of Pyrazoline Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Potential for Environmental Applications

Eco-friendly antimicrobial agents are increasingly important for addressing microbial contamination in environmental systems. In this study, 3-aryl-5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoline derivatives (4a–4e) were synthesized via a microwave-assisted method, offering a green chemistry approach with reduced reaction time and improved yields. The compounds were screened against environmental pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Microsporum gypseum using the serial dilution method. Notably, compounds 4d and 4e exhibited strong antibacterial activity with MIC values as low as 6.25 µg/ml. These results suggest that microwave-assisted synthesis provides a sustainable route to bioactive heterocycles with potential applications in environmental remediation and pathogen control.