Konsep Kepemilikan dalam Ekonomi Islam: Antara Privat dan Publik

This study delves into the philosophical and theological core of the concept of ownership in Islamic economics, a paradigm fundamentally distinct from capitalism and socialism. We uncover the essence of ownership as a divine trust, categorized into individual, public, and state domains. Our findings demonstrate how each type of ownership is governed by clear boundaries and rights, tightly integrated with social responsibility to achieve universal well-being and distributive justice. This study also examines the dynamic harmonization between private and public ownership, achieved through vital instruments like zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and productive waqf, as well as the crucial role of government in providing public goods. Despite facing significant challenges such as the dominance of the global capitalist economy and low sharia literacy, we highlight digitalization as a strategic opportunity to boost the efficiency, transparency, and inclusion of sharia finance. This opportunity holds substantial potential to strengthen the harmonization of ownership within the broader Islamic economic ecosystem. In short, a deep understanding of this Islamic concept of ownership is key to formulating more just and balanced economic policies and community development in today's rapidly evolving modern era.