A new positioning system for the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope

A novel hybrid positioning system has been developed from the ground up for the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope. It comprises two independently operated subsystems: an inertial system and a hydroacoustic network. The hydroacoustic network employs acoustic modems installed along the optical modules and on the lake floor, while the inertial subsystem relies on integrated sensors mounted on the optical module controller. The new design results in positioning accuracy corresponding to 2 ns time calibration precision.