莊子如何看待自願主動安樂死的正當性？

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 近日，遭受多年病痛折磨的上海女子沙白發佈視頻記錄其奔赴瑞士接受安樂死的故事，引發社會對於自願主動安樂死正當性的激烈討論。在中國傳统文化中，對於生死問題，莊子的生死觀内容最為豐富，特色最為鮮明。因此，本文基於莊子的生死物化觀和貴生樂死觀，探討以自願主動安樂死作為死亡措施的正當性。本文首先簡要综述當前學術界支持和反對自願主動安樂死的兩種聲音。接著主要探討莊子思想會如何回應那些反對聲音，以此闡明莊子生死觀對於自願主動安樂死正當性辯護的獨到貢獻。本文認為，莊子的生命哲學在自願主動安樂死倫理爭議中的應用具有靈活性和多面性，為自願主動安樂死的正當性論證提供了一定的哲學和倫理學基礎。 Recently, Sha Bai, a woman from Shanghai who has endured years of chronic illness, released a video declaring her decision to undergo voluntary euthanasia in Switzerland. This announcement has provoked widespread societal debate regarding the ethical legitimacy of voluntary active euthanasia. Zhuangzi’s philosophy of life and death is prominent in the context of traditional Chinese thought due to its depth and distinctive features. Drawing on Zhuangzi’s perspectives on transformation between life and death and valuing life while embracing death, this paper examines the ethical justification for voluntary active euthanasia as a legitimate end-of-life measure. First, the prevailing arguments for and against the practice of voluntary active euthanasia are briefly reviewed. Next, the paper explores potential responses to the key objections from Zhuangzi’s perspective on life and death, elucidating the distinctive contribution that Zhuangzi’s philosophy might offer to the justification of voluntary active euthanasia. This philosophy of life exhibits both flexibility and multidimensionality in its applications to the ethical debates surrounding voluntary active euthanasia, offering a unique philosophical and ethical foundation for the justification of this practice.