Development and psychometric validation of the women’s empowerment in dealing with intimate partner violence (WED-IPV) scale: a mixed-method study

The WED-IPV scale is a psychometrically robust, reliable and valid instrument for assessing women's empowerment concerning IPV in Iranian contexts. Its brevity and user-friendly design facilitate routine application in primary and secondary care settings. Future research should explore cross-cultural validation and predictive validity in longitudinal studies to inform targeted interventions and policy formulation.