Application of Artificial Intelligence in Security-Oriented Criminal Policy: Opportunities and Challenges

Artificial intelligence (AI), as one of the outcomes of information and communication technologies, has led to remarkable transformations in all aspects of human life, particularly in public policymaking. Criminal justice institutions have shown a strong interest in using AI capabilities in security-oriented criminal policies, including crime prediction, sentencing, recidivism prevention, and risk management. Accordingly, the present study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of AI in security-oriented criminal policy. The research follows a qualitative approach, seeking to comprehensively examine the study subject through a descriptive–analytical method and by using library resources relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that although AI can serve as an efficient tool in support of criminal policy, in the absence of clear legal frameworks, human oversight, and mechanisms ensuring justice, there is an increased risk of excessive securitization of criminal policy and the erosion of fundamental citizens’ rights. Therefore, achieving legitimate and fair use of AI requires balancing technological efficiency with the principles of criminal justice.