Decision − support framework for translating strategic vulnerability assessment of freshwater wetlands: From theoretical concept to operational application

• Wetlands are equally vulnerable to human-induced stressors and climate change. • Translational research-based framework helps in wise-use of wetlands. • A novel framework has been developed for wetland vulnerability assessment. • This framework provides an effective wetland management plan and policy responses. • Development of globally adaptable framework for sustainable wetland management. Wetlands are dynamic ecosystems shaped by hydrology, climate, soil, and biogeochemical processes, supporting diverse and specialized biodiversity. However, they are highly vulnerable to climate change and human-induced stressors such as landuse change, pollution, and sedimentation, which threaten their stability and resilience. Given these challenges, there is an urgent need for translational research that connects scientific understanding with practical decision-making to guide effective wetland management and policy responses. To bridge the gap between scientific understanding and policy implementation, this study introduces the Wetland − Vulnerability Assessment Conceptual Model using Indicators selected by the System’s Thinking Approach (WET-VISTA) framework, grounded in the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) approach and IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines considering Loktak lake as a case study. The framework employs a three-phase methodology: (1) translating theoretical concepts into a structured knowledge base, (2) collecting and integrating qualitative and quantitative data including rainfall, land cover change and flood inundation on stressors and ecosystem responses towards framework development and 3) development of a novel framework to translate theoretical concept into decision-support tools and to derive recommendations for sustainable management of wetland ecosystems. The study shows that the inappropriate Ithai barrage operation and erratic precipitation has caused the Phumdi proliferation to raise up to 239.56 sq.km (80.8%) during 2019 monsoon season. Flood assessment results shows that croplands are more vulnerable to the floods compared to the built-up lands. The highest percentage of submergence has been occurred in Heirok- Sekmai sub-basin during 2020 monsoon season, submerging more than 16% of the crop lands.