The characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency cases in Bali: a screening of five public health centers

Background: Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive vascular disorder caused by venous valve dysfunction or obstruction, leading to symptoms such as leg pain, swelling, and varicose veins. Despite its impact on mobility and quality of life, CVI remains underdiagnosed, particularly in developing regions like Indonesia. Bali’s occupational landscape, with many individuals engaged in prolonged standing jobs, makes it a crucial region for CVI assessment. This study aims to characterize CVI cases in Bali by screening patients at five public health centers and evaluating demographics, clinical symptoms, and associations with ultrasound-confirmed venous insufficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2024 at five public health centers in Bali. A total of 95 adult patients aged 18 years and older were enrolled. Data collection included demographic information, clinical symptoms, risk factors, and ultrasound (USG) findings. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to assess associations between CVI and its risk factors. Results: The mean age of participants was 50.38 years (±11.92), with a predominance of females (78.9%). High-risk occupations involving prolonged standing were reported by 57.9% of participants. Clinically, 50.5% experienced leg pain, 45.3% had varicose veins, and 16.8% had swelling. Ultrasound confirmed venous insufficiency in 25.3% of patients. A significant association was found between varicose veins and venous insufficiency (p < 0.001), while other factors showed no significant correlation. Conclusion: This study highlights the burden of CVI in Bali, with varicose veins being a key predictor of venous insufficiency. Routine venous health screenings and preventive strategies, particularly for high-risk workers, are essential to improving early diagnosis and management.