Risk factors affecting chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tabanan. Bali

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious health problem with increasing incidence. As many as 5 million deaths were related to T2DM and its chronic complications. Knowing the risk factors for chronic complications is expected to reduce the mortality rate of T2DM. This study aims to identify risk factors affecting chronic complications of T2DM in Tabanan. Bali Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted at Marga I Public Health Center. Tabanan. Bali. The research sample was all T2DM patients aged ≥18 years. who could communicate well. and were willing to participate. The incidence of chronic complications was assessed from anamnesis. physical examinations. and several supporting examinations. The risk factors assessed were age. gender. body mass index. education level. occupation. disease duration. comorbidity. family history. active smokers. physical activity. treatment compliance. and random blood sugar levels. Risk factors were processed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. A variable is considered significant if it has p value ≤0.05. Results: This study included 102 T2DM patients. A total of 46.1% of patients experienced chronic complications and were dominated by neuropathy (37.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that disease duration (p=0.006; OR 4.728; 95% CI 1.571-14.232). comorbidity (p<0.001; OR 11.442; 95% CI 3.804 - 34.420). physical activity (p<0.031; OR 3.358; 95% CI 1.116 - 10.108). and treatment compliance (p<0.039; OR 3.146; 95% CI 1.060 - 9.340) were risk factors for chronic complications of T2DM. Conclusions: Disease duration. comorbidity. physical activity. and treatment compliance were significantly influenced by chronic complications of T2DM. The identification of risk factors will facilitate consideration of further treatment and prevention in T2DM