Clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in infant: case report and literature review

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin condition accompanied by itching that can occur during infancy and childhood. The clinical manifestations in infants may vary from those in older groups. This care report aimed to describe a case of AD in an infant. Case Description: A 1-year-old boy complained of itching all over his body for approximately 2 months. Physical examination showed erythematous plaques covered with squamation accompanied by erythematous papules and excoriations on the face. There were multiple hyperpigmented papules covered with desquamation on both hands. Multiple hyperpigmented papules with desquamation and lichenification appeared on both legs. There are also erythematous papules with squamation on the chest, stomach, and back. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on Hanifin Rajka's criteria. Case management includes administration of cetirizine 2 mg every 24 hours intraorally, mometasone furoate 0.1% topically every 12 hours, and methylprednisolone equivalent to 0.2 mg/kg bw/day prednisone intraorally for 7 days, providing clinical improvement. Conclusion: A thorough dermatological and laboratory examination is necessary to diagnose AD. The clinical spectrum in babies may be different from that of the more mature population. Early identification and treatment are crucial to prevent more serious problems, particularly in infants whose immune systems are still developing.