Secondary hyperthyroid clinically down syndrome patient presenting with persistent low-grade fever: a case report

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are frequently observed in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), with prevalence increasing with age. In contrast to hypothyroidism, which is more commonly reported, cases of hyperthyroidism remain sporadic. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism in DS patients can include cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, emotional disturbances, and irritability. This case report aims to assess a case of hyperthyroidism in a patient with clinically diagnosed Down syndrome. Case Description: We present the case of a boy with clinically diagnosed Down syndrome who developed hyperthyroidism. He exhibited a prolonged subfebrile state accompanied by recurrent infections. Following multiple courses of antibiotics, the signs of infection resolved, yet the patient remained in a subfebrile state. Thyroid function tests indicated hyperthyroidism. After initiating anti-hyperthyroid treatment for three days, the fever resolved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital. He was scheduled for follow-up after one month for routine treatment. Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism in children with Down syndrome is a rare occurrence, often lacking distinct signs and symptoms. Clinicians should maintain a heightened awareness of potential thyroid dysfunction in this population to optimize both mental and physical growth in affected children.