Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Endophthalmitis is an eye inflammation that can be considered as one of the eye complications that can occur after the patients conduct the cataract surgery. This condition mainly impairs eye functions and may cause visual loss if it is not diagnosed correctly and the patient does not receive adequate treatments. This study aims to understand endophthalmitis incidences, risk factors, and outcomes is crucial to obtaining a precise diagnosis and adequate treatments for the patients. Methods: Our study protocol involved searching several databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane, for articles published in the last five years. This systematic review was based on the references in the PRISMA assessment. Result: Thirteen studies were included in our analysis. Our study found that there was a significant result in male gender and endophthalmitis following cataract surgery (OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.13-1.73; p = 0.02), comorbid and endophthalmitis following cataract surgery (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.08-1.49; p = 0.04). However, the antimicrobial prophylaxis, visual improvements, and residual complications had no significant association with the endophthalmitis. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the association between male gender and comorbidities in the risk of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, but there was no significant association in antimicrobial prophylaxis, visual improvements, or residual complications with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.