Characteristics and correlation between patients with posterior capsule opacification and diagnosis time at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2022 – 2023

Background: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a secondary clouding of the posterior capsule of the lens that occurs months or years following cataract surgery. The standard treatment for PCO is Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy, a procedure that, although effective, may result in complications such as increased intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma, cystoid macular edema, and retinal detachment. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between post-laser improvement in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and the duration of PCO diagnosis in patients treated at the Eye Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital in 2022–2023. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using retrospective data from medical records of PCO patients treated at the Eye Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital between 2022 and 2023. A total of 25 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0. Results: From 25 patients analyzed, 68% were male, with a mean age of 49.32 ± 20.7 years. Most patients resided in Denpasar and Badung (32%). A statistically significant improvement in BCVA (p<0.05) was observed following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. However, there was no significant improvement in IOP (p>0.05) or significant correlation between BCVA improvement and the duration of PCO diagnosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy significantly improved BCVA in PCO patients, demonstrating its effectiveness as a treatment modality. However, no significant correlation was found between the degree of BCVA improvement and the time elapsed since PCO diagnosis. Further studies are warranted to explore factors influencing treatment outcomes in PCO patients.