Potential of ethanol extract nanoparticles from Sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera l.) as a blood glucose level lower in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes increased blood glucose levels, which can potentially trigger serious complications such as damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and nerves. The purpose of this study was to examine the chemical components of Blumea balsamifera ethanol extract and assess its antihyperglycemic properties in rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Method: The trial monitored blood glucose levels as an indicator of oxidative stress using a randomized posttest-only control group design. Meanwhile, the chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed using LCMS/MS. The nano chitosan Blumea balsamifera L ethanol extract used in this research has the characteristic zeta potential value of -16.28 mV and a particle size of 309.1nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.555 indicating a good particle size distribution. Results: The antihyperglycemic test on streptozotocin-induced rats showed that oral administration of the nano extract at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW/day had the best result in decreasing blood glucose in hyperglycemic rats. Analysis of SEM observations showed that the nanoparticles had a flat round morphology with a dense surface. Through the creation of cross-links, FTIR analysis verified the interaction between the chitosan amino group and tripolyphosphate ions. Analysis of LCMS/MS data revealed that ethanol extract of Blumea balsamifera L is suspected to contain hemigossypol responsible for lowering blood glucose. Conclusion: Administration of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles in an ethanol extract of Blumea balsamifera L leaves reduced blood glucose levels in male Wistra rats with hyperglycemia.