Antiviral drugs efficacy against monkeypox outbreak: A literature review

Monkeypox is a viral disease that, while often self-limiting, may require antiviral treatment in severe cases, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and patients with complicated lesions. This literature review evaluates the efficacy of antiviral drugs—tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir—against monkeypox. While most cases of monkeypox are treated with supportive care, antivirals such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir offer treatment options for more severe instances. Tecovirimat has shown strong antiviral activity in vitro and in animal models, improving survival rates. Although limited human trial data indicate its safety and tolerability, further assessment of its efficacy is needed. Cidofovir has demonstrated some effectiveness in animal studies but raises concerns about dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Brincidofovir has a favorable safety profile and the benefit of oral administration; however, its limited efficacy in animal studies and associated hepatic enzyme elevations in patients call for more investigation. More clinical trials are essential to establish the roles of antiviral drugs against monkeypox infection. This literature review aims to further explain about monkeypox treatment options, emphasizing their applications, the benefits and limitations as well as the side effects.