The influence of protein on muscle maintenance in aging populations: a review

Introduction: The aging process results in a reduction in muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, which exacerbates frailty, diminishes mobility and heightens the risk of falls and mortality among older adults. This muscle loss also affects metabolic health, increasing the risk of disorders, such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to examine the impact of protein intake on muscle maintenance in older adults and explore effective strategies to combat sarcopenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, focusing on studies involving aging populations and the correlation between protein consumption and muscle mass. Results: The review analyzes the role of protein in stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS), which is crucial for preserving muscle mass. Due to anabolic resistance, aging muscles require higher protein intake to achieve the same MPS responses as younger individuals. The review emphasizes the importance of the quantity and quality of protein, with animal-based proteins–especially those rich in leucine, being the most effective. Additionally, it highlights the benefits of evenly distributing protein intake throughout the day and combining protein supplementation with resistance training for optimal muscle preservation. Conclusion: The finding highlights the urgent need for personalized dietary patterns prioritizing sufficient protein consumption and consistent physical activity to preserve muscle function and address sarcopenia in older adults.