Correlation between the incidence of cardiovascular disease and nephrolithiasis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital

Background: Nephrolithiasis, characterized by kidney stone formation, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, sharing risk factors with nephrolithiasis, including hypertension, obesity, and metabolic disorders. This study examines their correlation in patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital, Bandung. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design based on secondary data from the medical records of patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular disease during the period January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2023. The sample consisted of 46,808 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's test to evaluate the association between nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular disease and hypertension, and to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR) values. Result: Of the total 46,808 patients, 2,392 patients (5.1%) with nephrolithiasis had cardiovascular disease. Analysis showed a significant association between nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular disease, with an OR of 1.12 (95% CI) and RR of 1.17 (p < 0.05). In contrast, for patients with hypertension, although the number of patients with nephrolithiasis reached 1,954, analysis showed that hypertension did not significantly increase the risk of nephrolithiasis, with an OR of 0.62 and RR of 0.65 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease was significantly associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis, while hypertension showed a negative association, possibly due to confounding factors. Targeted prevention—including metabolic risk control, hydration, dietary adjustments, and screening in cardiovascular patients—may help reduce stone formation risk.