The role of nutrition intake in elderly mobility impairments

Introduction: Increasing age is often associated with common geriatric syndromes that may coexist. Physiological changes and social conditions can impose metabolic stress on different organ systems and affect nutritional requirements. Failure to sufficiently meet these requirements may lead to malnutrition. A significant issue in advanced age is protein intake and malnutrition, as both are linked to adverse effects on health, physical functioning, and quality of life. This review aimed to examine the influence of nutrition on mobility in the elderly, particularly the measures required to fulfil their nutritional needs to ensure a high quality of life. Methods: This study commenced with the formulation of research questions and objectives, followed by a review of existing literature, criteria-based screening for inclusion and exclusion, data extraction, and subsequent data analysis. Searching literature using Google Scholar with the relevant keyword. Results: Inadequate nutritional consumption, particularly of proteins, and malnutrition can exacerbate the physiological decline of muscle mass and function, accelerating the onset of sarcopenia (thereby increasing the risk of disability), reducing immune response, and promoting the development of pressure ulcers. Protein is essential for preserving muscle mass, attainable through either muscle hypertrophy or the inhibition of muscle atrophy. Reductions in strength and endurance can hinder the capacity to execute daily activities, such as ambulation and stair climbing, consequently detrimentally affecting an individual's quality of life. Individuals with functional disabilities face increased healthcare costs and are at greater risk for rapid functional decline, illness, and early death. Conclusion: The ageing process presents various physiological, psychological, and social challenges. Malnutrition and sarcopenia substantially extend hospital stays, increase healthcare costs, and diminish the quality of life in the elderly population. Addressing these concerns through comprehensive geriatric care, including nutritional interventions and sarcopenia assessment, can significantly improve functional independence and rehabilitation outcomes.