Prospects for the use of radiolucent materials in the design of external fixation devices

The use of radiolucent materials represents a relevant direction in the search for new technological solutions aimed at improving the performance characteristics of medical devices. This work presents a review and an analysis of the feasibility of using modern composite materials with radiolucent properties in external fixation devices (EFD). The most significant aspects of polymer composite application in medical devices are highlighted. The physical, mechanical, and radiological properties of composite materials best suited for the production of rod-beam and ring fixation systems are described. An additional advantage of radiolucent external fixation devices is their light weight, which is ensured by the lower density of polymer materials, serving as matrices for the composites used to manufacture EFD components, compared with metal alloys. The possibility of autoclave sterilization of polymer composite products is demonstrated, indicating their potential use as components of external fixation systems. Clinical cases involving external fixators with radiolucent components are reviewed, along with examples of commercially available (mass-produced) external fixation devices. The potential for 3D printing to be used in manufacturing EFD components is shown, although it is not currently considered a primary method for EFD production. Radiolucent external fixation devices made from modern composite materials enhance fracture reduction, allow for targeted radiotherapy at required doses, and improve radiographic visualization during intraoperative and postoperative periods. These benefits enable timely treatment adjustments and help reduce the risk of complications. This makes their development a promising scientific and industrial avenue aimed at solving specific clinical problems.