Illegitimacy of Pharmaceutical Sanctions and the Responsibility of States

This article examines the illegitimacy of pharmaceutical sanctions within the framework of international law and Islamic principles, highlighting their detrimental impact on public health and human rights. It argues that such sanctions violate the fundamental right to health and contravene the ethical obligations of states under both international humanitarian law and Islamic teachings. Furthermore, the paper discusses the responsibility of states to ensure access to essential medicines, emphasizing that punitive measures should not undermine humanitarian needs. The analysis calls for a reevaluation of sanctions policies to align with global health standards and moral imperatives, advocating for accountability and justice.