The comparative study of aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of Irvingia gabonensis on reproductive parameters of male Wistar albino rats

This study investigates the comparative effects of aqueous and methanolic Irvingia gabonensis (IG) seed extracts on male reproductive parameters in Wistar rats, addressing the gap in phytochemical and reproductive toxicity data. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups (n=8): control (distilled water), vehicle (10% DMSO), aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), and methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Animals received a single oral dose and were observed for 14 days. Reproductive parameters assessed included sperm motility, count, morphology, testicular and epididymal biometrics, and histological analysis of the testes. Phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed to compare bioactive compounds. Sperm characteristics remained unaffected across all treatment groups (p > 0.05). Methanolic extract groups showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in testicular and epididymal weights, with no observable histological lesions. Aqueous extract groups showed no significant changes in reproductive indices. Phytochemical analysis revealed differences between the two extracts, suggesting possible bioavailability variations. Irvingia gabonensis seed extracts, particularly at 200 mg/kg, showed no adverse effects on male reproductive health. The results support the safe use of 200 mg/kg aqueous and methanolic extracts in animal model, with further research recommended to determine optimal dosages for human consumption.