National identity in Russia: between globalization and glocalization

Russia is a multinational and multicultural country, making the issue of national identity extremely important. National identity refers to the capacity to unite national, ethnic, and territorial communities into a cohesive whole. It fosters a shared awareness of belonging to one nation and people. This paper explores issues of support for this unification and examines the impact of globalizational trends on individuals’ commitment to national traditions and ideals. Through a comparative analysis of linguistic, sociocultural, religious, and territorial identities, the paper emphasizes the crucial role of territorial identity, which as the most influential factor in creating a national identity. Territorial identity is analyzed at local, municipal, and regional levels, as it varies based on how citizens identify with area of their residence. Summarizing the experiences of the European Union, the paper highlights the threat of glocalization, which can undermine the spiritual unity of political communities. Drawing on sociological studies conducted in Russia, the paper identifies key factors that influence the formation of national identity and underscores the stabilizing role of local identity. Currently, significant efforts are being made by central authorities to enhance the socio-economic development of national and territorial outskirts, building economic potential, reducing growing regional disparities, and strengthening the role of national values in the development of the country’s multinational culture. To achieve this, it is essential to improve state regional policies aimed at minimizing interregional differences, increasing living standards in various regions, and supporting the development of national cultures.