The Physical Environmental Condition of the Household and Its Relationship with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Cases

A house that does not meet health requirements is one of the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to determine the relationship between the physical environmental condition of the household and pulmonary TB cases in Rantau Alai District, Ogan Ilir Regency, in 2023. This was a quantitative analytic study involving a case-control approach, conducted over one month in Rantau Alai sub-district. A total of 108 participants were enrolled consisiting of 36 cases and 72 control, and data were collected through interviews, observations, and direct measurements of various aspects of the physical environmental condition of the household using a roll meter, lux meter, and thermo-hygrometer. The data was analyzed with chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The primary outcome with bivariate analyzed of the study is the relationship between ventilation (p-value = 0.025), lighting (p-value = 0.005), humidity (p-value = 0.008), temperature (p-value = 0.048), wall type (p-value = 0.048), floor type (p-value = 0.048), and residential density (p-value = 0.012) with pulmonary TB cases in Rantau Alai District. Multivariate analyzed show the most dominant factor affecting TB cases was residential density (OR 3.10 CI 1.07-8.97). It is important for adequate physical environmental condition, especially if there are active TB cases in the home environment with unqualified residential density to prevent the spread of TB cases among household contacts.