"Biomass crops for sustainable energy in Europe: contributions to bioenergy, environment, and energy security"

By using marginal lands and enhancing biodiversity, biomass crops can significantly contribute to global energy security and climate change mitigation. European policies underscore the significance of renewable energy sources, positioning biomass crops as a focal point in achieving energy and environmental sustainability objectives. The increasing global population and excessive energy consumption have resulted in a significant energy crisis and climate change, prompting a transition towards sustainable, renewable energy sources. Biomass crops present a promising solution through the generation of bioenergy, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the enhancement of carbon sequestration. Perennial biomass crops, such as miscanthus, cup plants, and switchgrass, have gained popularity in Europe because of their high biomass yield and quality. These crops also provide ecosystem services, such as soil nutrient cycling. The utilization of biomass crops as raw materials for biofuels and phytochemicals further increases their attractiveness for both farmers and society, which are suitable for growing on marginal land with low inputs. Nonetheless, most of these crops encounter challenges from abiotic stresses, such as drought and heavy metal pollution, which can hinder their growth and productivity. Understanding the mechanisms by which biomass crops tolerate these stresses is essential for sustainable bioenergy production. This review article examines the role of biomass crops in bioenergy production, their resilience to abiotic stresses, and their potential contributions to a bio-based economy.