Wolstenholme's theorem over Gaussian integers

This paper establishes an extension of Wolstenholme's theorem to the ring of Gaussian integers $\mathbb{Z}[i]$. For a prime $p > 5$, we prove that the sum $S_p$ of inverses of Gaussian integers in the set $\{n+mi \mid 1 \leq n, m \leq p-1, \gcd(p, n+mi)=1\}$ satisfies the congruence $S_p \equiv 0 \pmod{p^4}$. We further generalize this result to higher-power sums $S_p^{(k)}$, demonstrating structured divisibility patterns modulo powers of $p$. We propose some conjectures generalizing the connections between classical Wolstenholme's theorem and binomial coefficients. Special cases and irregularities for small primes ($p \leq 1000$) are explicitly computed and tabulated.

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Publication Details

Journal
Functiones et Approximatio Commentarii Mathematici
Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.7169/facm/250713-21-7
Primary Topic
Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Wolstenholme's theorem over Gaussian integers

Nikita Kalinin
Functiones et Approximatio Commentarii Mathematici
Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research
article

Wolstenholme's theorem over Gaussian integers

Nikita Kalinin
article en

Abstract

This paper establishes an extension of Wolstenholme's theorem to the ring of Gaussian integers $\mathbb{Z}[i]$. For a prime $p > 5$, we prove that the sum $S_p$ of inverses of Gaussian integers in the set $\{n+mi \mid 1 \leq n, m \leq p-1, \gcd(p, n+mi)=1\}$ satisfies the congruence $S_p \equiv 0 \pmod{p^4}$. We further generalize this result to higher-power sums $S_p^{(k)}$, demonstrating structured divisibility patterns modulo powers of $p$. We propose some conjectures generalizing the connections between classical Wolstenholme's theorem and binomial coefficients. Special cases and irregularities for small primes ($p \leq 1000$) are explicitly computed and tabulated.

Functiones et Approximatio Commentarii MathematiciVol. -1(-1)
Openalex Percentile: Top 59%
Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research
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