An Integrated HBIM-VR Framework Design for Chinese Classical Architecture Heritage Digital conservation and interpretation - A case study of Yangxin Hall in the Forbidden City

Abstract. Traditional Chinese classical architecture, a crucial part of China’s architectural heritage, has unique artistic and historical value. Its protection is increasingly recognized, but relying on timber structure, it faces threats from natural forces and human activity, making physical preservation fragile. A key conservation challenge is faithfully documenting architectural heritage throughout its lifecycle and overcoming barriers to audience engagement for sustainable value transmission. Digital technologies have enhanced heritage conservation efficiency. Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) generates comprehensive datasets for sustainable management, while virtual reality (VR) offers immersive public interpretation. WebVR, a VR application, enables accessible online heritage experiences via web platforms. Integrating HBIM and VR shows potential: HBIM provides foundational data for VR, and WebVR expands accessibility on portable devices. Focusing on Yangxin Hall in the Forbidden City, this study develops an HBIM-VR-WebVR framework for heritage information access, management, and transmission across conservation phases. User experience surveys validate the framework, which supports heritage conservation and public engagement, offering reference for similar projects.