Enhancement of Electron Exchange Through Nano‐Multilayers of Cadmium Sulfide/Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Based on Nanochitosan/Graphene Oxide for Supercapacitors and Energy Storage Applications

The design of the nano‐multilayer supercapacitor (NMLS) utilizes the high surface area of chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs), reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (rGO), with enhanced electron transfer by n/p‐type cadmium sulfide NPs and nickel oxide (NPs) to create the structure CS@NiO@rGO@CdS. The improved NMLS is engineered to improve electron transport through the incorporation of zinc sulfide (ZnS), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), and molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoparticles. The study investigates the performance, fabrication, advancement, and modified surface in manufactured nanoelectrode supercapacitors, along with their electrochemical properties. This analysis is conducted utilizing the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique to evaluate the supercapacitors and their applicability in various energy storage. The capacitance values measured are as follows: NMLS (4.74 μF cm 2 ), NMLS@ZnS (4.13 μF cm 2 ), NMLS@CeO 2 (4.68 μF cm 2 ), and NMLS@MoS2 (23 μF cm 2 ). After 1000 cycles of nanoelectrode testing, capacitance retention is determined, demonstrating high cycle stability of NMLS (92%), NMLS@ZnS (79%), NMLS@CeO 2 (85%), and NMLS@MoS 2 (95%). The measured capacitance values are 96.1 μF cm 2 , 65.86 μF cm 2 , 22.2 μF cm 2 , and 254.5 μF cm 2 for NMLS, NMLS@ZnS, NMLS@CeO 2 , and NMLS@MoS 2 , respectively. The study indicates that engineered nanoelectrodes exhibit great efficacy for batteries, supercapacitors, and energy storage, making them interesting candidates for energy applications.