Geo-Visualization of Cultural Landscape Values via Theme Behavior Model: A Case of Lo Manthang, Upper Mustang, Nepal

Abstract. As a living heritage that connects nature and culture, cultural landscape gradually emerges as a key paradigm in global heritage conservation practices. However, researches on cultural landscape heritages in non-urban environments, on a large scale, and across regions still face challenges at present. As a UNESCO tentative heritage site inscribed in 2019, Lo Manthang in Upper Mustang, Nepal, has rich and diverse cultural landscapes. It is required to pay attention in future World Heritage nominations, holding significant value for empirical research. Taking it as a case, this paper designs a framework for the geo-visualization of cultural landscape values. It integrates archaeological evidence and geographical environment to conduct an integrated assessment of cultural landscape values and achieve spatial visualization, emphasizing the role of human behaviors influenced by local culture in shaping cultural landscapes. Based on a GIS analysis tool (thematic behavior model, TBM), this study simulates the spatial probabilities of different behaviors, thereby reflecting the spatial distribution patterns of various cultural landscape values. Driven by data patterns, this paper interprets the value distribution, interactions, and potential causes of the cultural landscapes near Lo Manthang. The goal is to excavate the heritage value of Lo Manthang and its surrounding areas, and discuss potential conservation zoning schemes.