Invisible Burden of Families of Individuals with Schizophrenia: Courtesy Stigma

Objective: This study aims to explore in depth the experiences of “courtesy stigma” among families of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, to reveal the impacts of such stigma on families, and to examine the coping strategies they develop throughout this process. Method: Designed with a qualitative approach, the study adopted a phenomenological design and conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. Participants were family members living in the same household as the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia and assuming caregiving responsibilities. MAXQDA software was employed for data analysis, and inductive thematic analysis was applied. Related codes were grouped under categories, and these categories were combined to form themes. Results: The analysis yielded the main theme of “Stigma in the Shadow of Courtesy”. Under this theme, three categories were identified: implicit stigma, concealment stigma, and internalized stigma. Conclusion: Families of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are exposed to implicit stigma in society, which negatively affects them. In this process, families sometimes internalize the stigma presented in the form of politeness without being aware of it; at other times, they develop coping strategies such as masking to protect themselves and their relatives with schizophrenia. Through empowerment-based interventions, it is possible to identify the existing strengths and resources of these families, thereby enhancing their coping skills and well-being. Developing awareness programs based on direct contact within social work practice is also crucial for reducing polite stigma. Furthermore, this study contributes to filling the gap in the social work literature by addressing the issue of polite stigma.