INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT FEATURES IN MODERN KAZAKHSTAN

The article presents an analysis of the development of industrial architecture in the territory of modern Kazakhstan, from the 18th century to the present day. The aim of the study is to identify the patterns of development of industrial architecture in Kazakhstan, analyze its historical stages, and determine the factors influencing its transformation. The relevance of the research lies in the rapid growth of industry in Kazakhstan and the need to adapt industrial architectural design to modern requirements. The practical significance is in the possibility of applying the obtained data to optimize the design of industrial facilities, taking into account the principles of sustainable development and integration into the urban environment. The resear ch is based on architectural analysis methods combined with historical-analytical approaches, as well as typological and comparative assessments of objects and phenomena. It examines the preconditions and main stages of the formation and transformation of industrial architecture – from the emergence of the first production facilities to the construction of modern industrial complexes. It has been established that the diversity and richness of natural resources, socio - economic development, formation of specialized settlements, and adaptation of architectural solutions to technological changes are key preconditions for the evolution of industrial architecture. The study identifies four main periods in the development of industrial architecture in Kazakhstan, outlines their specific features in each historical stage, and highlights the current trends in the transformation of urban industrial areas. It is determined that today industrial architecture in Kazakhstan is developing through the active implementation of innovative and digital technologies, automation, and sustainable approaches, contributing to the creation of ecological, functional, and adaptive structures. The key directions of its further improvement are integration with urban space, infrastructure modernization, increased efficiency of production processes, and the creation of a comfortable working environment