Policy Intentions and the Realities of Healthcare Delivery in Rural Communities: Evaluation of the Barriers to Primary Health Care Utilization Among Rural Dwellers in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria

This study explores the barriers to the utilization of Primary Health Care (PHC) services among rural dwellers in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria. The PHC system was designed to provide accessible and affordable healthcare services, addressing the needs of rural populations without geographical, social, or financial constraints. Despite this objective, many rural residents do not utilize these facilities. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through six focus group discussions with men and women in rural communities across the two states. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically to identify the underlying factors contributing to the non-utilization of PHCs. Key barriers identified include long distances to health centers, prolonged waiting times, insufficient health personnel, high service costs, and negative attitudes of health workers. To address these challenges, it is crucial for local governments to prioritize the establishment of additional PHCs in underserved areas, improve staffing levels, provide comprehensive training for health workers, and reduce the financial burden of accessing services. Ensuring the availability of essential medications is also vital to enhance trust and utilization of PHCs. Addressing these barriers will not only improve accessibility but also foster confidence among rural dwellers in the healthcare system, ultimately increasing the use of PHC facilities. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to strengthen primary health care delivery and promote equitable health access in rural communities. Received: 28 July 2025 / Accepted: 7 September 2025 / Published: 04 October 2025