Matrix solid-phase dispersion, combined with online SPE-LC-MS/MS, for the determination of tetracyclines and their main transformation products in sludge and agricultural soils

This method allows the specific simultaneous determination of six tetracyclines and six of their TPs in sludge and soils. The proposed method constitutes a starting point to extend the use of MSPD, that is being applied mainly to biota and food, as a low-cost and easy-to-perform technique that allows simultaneous extraction and clean-up. Application of the method revealed the significance of the determination of TPs of tetracyclines for a proper environmental risk assessment.