Low-Carbon Operation Optimization of Integrated Energy System Considering Multi-Equipment Coordination and Multi-Market Interaction

Integrated energy systems (IES) are widely regarded as a key enabler of carbon neutrality, enabling the coordinated use of electricity, heat, and gas to support large-scale renewable integration. Yet their practical deployment still faces major challenges, including rigid thermoelectric coupling, insufficient operational flexibility, and fragmented carbon and certificate market mechanisms. To address these issues, this study proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for integrated energy systems (IES) that reduces emissions and costs while improving renewable energy utilization. A coordinated framework integrating carbon capture, utilization, and storage, two-stage power-to-gas, combined heat and power, and ground-source heat pump technologies enhances multi-energy complementarity and overcomes the heat-led constraints of traditional combined heat and power systems. A unified carbon emission trading and green certificate trading mechanism is designed to balance economic and environmental goals through cross-market synergy. To address uncertainty, a distributionally robust chance-constrained model based on Kullback–Leibler divergence is introduced in Scenario 8. The model is solved using the GUROBI solver under multiple scenarios. Simulation results show a cost reduction from $56,166.66 to $25,840.32, carbon emission cuts from 801.38 to 440.90 t, and wind/photovoltaic utilization rates reaching 98%, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in achieving cost-efficient low-carbon operation of IES.